| Gaia: | Forest certification is an economic instrument based on the market which has as objective to promote the sustainable forest management by means of the access to the market as well as an increase in the price of the wood what will allow to cover the costs of the good forest management. In this work it is analyzed the impact and the effectiveness that forest certification has had on the social, economic and environmental dimensions on which is based and its contribution to the sustainable forest management, analyzing its costs and behavior of the market of certified wood. It was concluded that the certification costs are high for small producers and companies in developing countries. The market of certified wood is marginal, demand and offer are limited, the increase in the price is uncertain and far from clear, it does not contribute to the socioeconomic development of communities located in forests degraded with tree species of low commercial value with poverty, degradation and deforestation being still present in those areas. Forest certification considers the wood as the only product obtained from the forest with market value, non-wood forest products along with environmental goods and services are not considered as commercially valuables due to the lack of standards applicable to these, underestimating the actual value of the forests. These limitations carry the risk discouraging the forest management and inducing the illegal logging, and changing the use of forest land. Forest certification contributes partially to the sustainable forest management and it is, only considered as an alternative tool, which is still being developed.
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