Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico
Background and Aims: The Ephedra genus contains nearly 50 species distributed in semi-arid regions of the world. Mexico contains eight of these species: Ephedra antisyphilitica, E. aspera, E. californica, E. compacta, E. nevadensis, E. pedunculata, E. torreyana and E. trifurca. The botanical affinit...
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| Format: | Online |
| Jezik: | spa |
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Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
2023
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| Online dostop: | https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/2244 |
| _version_ | 1799771437729316864 |
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| author | Galván Escobedo, Iris Grisel López-Mata, Lauro Zepeda Rodríguez, Armando Pasos Nájera, Francisco Rosas Pérez, Irma |
| author_facet | Galván Escobedo, Iris Grisel López-Mata, Lauro Zepeda Rodríguez, Armando Pasos Nájera, Francisco Rosas Pérez, Irma |
| author_sort | Galván Escobedo, Iris Grisel |
| collection | ABM |
| description | Background and Aims: The Ephedra genus contains nearly 50 species distributed in semi-arid regions of the world. Mexico contains eight of these species: Ephedra antisyphilitica, E. aspera, E. californica, E. compacta, E. nevadensis, E. pedunculata, E. torreyana and E. trifurca. The botanical affinities of Ephedripites fossil pollen are difficult to assign due to lack of detailed data on pollen morphology of extant Ephedra species distributed in Mexico. The objective of this work was to characterize the pollen morphology of the eight Ephedra species distributed in Mexico as well as to detect the distinctive morphological variables of each species.Methods: Pollen grains were taken from herbarium specimens and processed with the acetolysis technique. Eight morphological variables were reviewed with both photonic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All variables were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Key results: The variables of morphological importance were number of plicae and distance among plicae, and plica form and pseudosulcus form. Of these, the distance among plicae is not a variable commonly considered relevant in studies of pollen morphology of Ephedra. The pseudosulcus form accounted for the most pollen variation provided it is linked to presence or absence of pseudosulcus ramifications. Ephedra species were grouped into four classes: I) E. aspera, E. compacta and E. pedunculata; II) E. californica and E. trifurca; III) E. antisyphilitica and E. torreyana; and IV) E. nevadensis.Conclusions: Multivariate statistical methods allowed us to jointly analyze qualitative and quantitative characters of the pollen of the Ephedra species from Mexico and group them into classes based on their pollen morphology. This serves as a reference to assign botanical affinities with current species that have typical Ephedroid pollen recorded in some paleobasins of Mexico. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.abm.ojs.inecol.mx:article-2244 |
| institution | Acta Botanica Mexicana |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Instituto de Ecología, A.C. |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.abm.ojs.inecol.mx:article-22442024-02-01T00:31:59Z Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico Morfología polínica de las especies de Ephedra (Ephedraceae) distribuidas en México Galván Escobedo, Iris Grisel López-Mata, Lauro Zepeda Rodríguez, Armando Pasos Nájera, Francisco Rosas Pérez, Irma Ephedrales Gnetidae plicae polen fósil pseudosulco Ephedrales fossil pollen Gnetidae plicae pseudosulcus Background and Aims: The Ephedra genus contains nearly 50 species distributed in semi-arid regions of the world. Mexico contains eight of these species: Ephedra antisyphilitica, E. aspera, E. californica, E. compacta, E. nevadensis, E. pedunculata, E. torreyana and E. trifurca. The botanical affinities of Ephedripites fossil pollen are difficult to assign due to lack of detailed data on pollen morphology of extant Ephedra species distributed in Mexico. The objective of this work was to characterize the pollen morphology of the eight Ephedra species distributed in Mexico as well as to detect the distinctive morphological variables of each species.Methods: Pollen grains were taken from herbarium specimens and processed with the acetolysis technique. Eight morphological variables were reviewed with both photonic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. All variables were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Key results: The variables of morphological importance were number of plicae and distance among plicae, and plica form and pseudosulcus form. Of these, the distance among plicae is not a variable commonly considered relevant in studies of pollen morphology of Ephedra. The pseudosulcus form accounted for the most pollen variation provided it is linked to presence or absence of pseudosulcus ramifications. Ephedra species were grouped into four classes: I) E. aspera, E. compacta and E. pedunculata; II) E. californica and E. trifurca; III) E. antisyphilitica and E. torreyana; and IV) E. nevadensis.Conclusions: Multivariate statistical methods allowed us to jointly analyze qualitative and quantitative characters of the pollen of the Ephedra species from Mexico and group them into classes based on their pollen morphology. This serves as a reference to assign botanical affinities with current species that have typical Ephedroid pollen recorded in some paleobasins of Mexico. Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Ephedra incluye aproximadamente 50 especies distribuidas en zonas semiáridas del mundo. En México se encuentran ocho: Ephedra antisyphilitica, E. aspera, E. californica, E. compacta, E. nevadensis, E. pedunculata, E. torreyana y E. trifurca. La falta de información detallada de la morfología del polen de las especies mexicanas actuales de Ephedra, ha dificultado la asignación de la afinidad botánica del polen fósil de Ephedripites. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la morfología polínica de las ocho especies de Ephedra presentes en México y detectar las variables morfológicas distintivas de cada una. Métodos: Se revisaron ocho variables morfológicas del polen obtenido de ejemplares herborizados. Los granos de polen fueron acetolizados y examinados mediante microscopía fotónica y electrónica de barrido. Las variables fueron analizadas con técnicas estadísticas uni y multivariadas. Resultados clave: Las variables morfológicas distintivas fueron el número y distancia entre plicae, y forma de la plica y del pseudosulco. De estas, la distancia entre plicae comúnmente no se considera relevante en los estudios de morfología polínica de Ephedra. La forma del pseudosulco aporta más información referente a la variación morfológica del polen al vincularse con la presencia o ausencia de ramificaciones en el pseudosulco. Con base en las características polínicas, las especies estudiadas se agruparon en cuatro clases: I) E. aspera, E. compacta y E. pedunculata; II) E. californica y E. trifurca; III) E. antisyphilitica y E. torreyana; y IV) E. nevadensis. Conclusiones: Los métodos estadísticos multivariados permitieron analizar de manera conjunta caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos del polen de las especies de Ephedra que hay en México. La agrupación en clases con base en su morfología polínica puede servir de referencia para asignar afinidades botánicas con especies actuales que tengan polen tipo Ephedroide, el cual ha sido registrado en algunas paleocuencas de México. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. 2023-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf application/epub+zip https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/2244 10.21829/abm130.2023.2244 Acta Botanica Mexicana; No. 130 (2023) Acta Botanica Mexicana; Núm. 130 (2023) 2448-7589 0187-7151 spa https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/2244/4487 https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/2244/4488 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Galván Escobedo, Iris Grisel López-Mata, Lauro Zepeda Rodríguez, Armando Pasos Nájera, Francisco Rosas Pérez, Irma Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title | Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title_full | Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title_short | Pollen morphology of the Ephedra (Ephedraceae) species distributed in Mexico |
| title_sort | pollen morphology of the ephedra (ephedraceae) species distributed in mexico |
| url | https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/2244 |
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