Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
Background and Aims: Crassiphycus corneus and C. usneoides form a morphological complex of macroalgal species due to the overlap in the characters that delimit them. Given their low phenotypic plasticity and sympatric distribution, discrimination between both species is complicated. Therefore, the a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | spa |
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Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
2020
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| Online Access: | https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596 |
| _version_ | 1799771366353797120 |
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| author | Vilchis, Martha Isabel Dreckmann, Kurt M. Quintanar-Isaías, Alejandra Sentíes, Abel |
| author_facet | Vilchis, Martha Isabel Dreckmann, Kurt M. Quintanar-Isaías, Alejandra Sentíes, Abel |
| author_sort | Vilchis, Martha Isabel |
| collection | ABM |
| description | Background and Aims: Crassiphycus corneus and C. usneoides form a morphological complex of macroalgal species due to the overlap in the characters that delimit them. Given their low phenotypic plasticity and sympatric distribution, discrimination between both species is complicated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to morphometrically evaluate some anatomical characters that allow discrimination of species within the complex.
Methods: With the 24 quantitative measurements obtained from 40 specimens of Crassiphycus corneus and C. usneoides, a principal component analysis was performed to determine whether there was morphometric discrimination between the species. The result of this analysis was evaluated by a NP-MANOVA. The arithmetic means and confidence intervals of the characters with the greatest weight in discrimination were represented in a graphic. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed to better support the previous analysis.
Key results: The principal components analysis showed 24 components, of which the first three explain 88.6% of the variance. This analysis and the NP-MANOVA showed that the characters that differentiate both species are the largest diameter of the thallus in the medium portion and the largest and smallest diameter of the thallus in the apical portion, which, according to the arithmetic mean, are significantly larger in Crassiphycus usneoides compared to C. corneus. Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance and the UPGMA algorithm strengthened the previous analyses, confirming the presence of two groups (C. corneus and C. usneoides).
Conclusions: The performed morphometric analysis proved efficient for the segregation of the species of the complex, and may serve as a reference point for the taxonomic delimitation of other cryptic macroalgal species. |
| format | Online |
| id | oai:oai.abm.ojs.inecol.mx:article-1596 |
| institution | Acta Botanica Mexicana |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Instituto de Ecología, A.C. |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | oai:oai.abm.ojs.inecol.mx:article-15962022-11-17T21:39:42Z Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea Análisis morfométrico de las especies simpátricas del complejo Crassiphycus corneus/C. usneoides (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) en las costas mexicanas del Golfo de México y Mar Caribe Vilchis, Martha Isabel Dreckmann, Kurt M. Quintanar-Isaías, Alejandra Sentíes, Abel análisis de agrupamiento componentes principales discriminación especies crípticas morfometría cluster analysis cryptic species discrimination morphometry principal components. Background and Aims: Crassiphycus corneus and C. usneoides form a morphological complex of macroalgal species due to the overlap in the characters that delimit them. Given their low phenotypic plasticity and sympatric distribution, discrimination between both species is complicated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to morphometrically evaluate some anatomical characters that allow discrimination of species within the complex. Methods: With the 24 quantitative measurements obtained from 40 specimens of Crassiphycus corneus and C. usneoides, a principal component analysis was performed to determine whether there was morphometric discrimination between the species. The result of this analysis was evaluated by a NP-MANOVA. The arithmetic means and confidence intervals of the characters with the greatest weight in discrimination were represented in a graphic. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed to better support the previous analysis. Key results: The principal components analysis showed 24 components, of which the first three explain 88.6% of the variance. This analysis and the NP-MANOVA showed that the characters that differentiate both species are the largest diameter of the thallus in the medium portion and the largest and smallest diameter of the thallus in the apical portion, which, according to the arithmetic mean, are significantly larger in Crassiphycus usneoides compared to C. corneus. Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance and the UPGMA algorithm strengthened the previous analyses, confirming the presence of two groups (C. corneus and C. usneoides). Conclusions: The performed morphometric analysis proved efficient for the segregation of the species of the complex, and may serve as a reference point for the taxonomic delimitation of other cryptic macroalgal species. Antecedentes y Objetivos: Crassiphycus corneus y C. usneoides forman un complejo morfológico de especies de macroalgas, debido a la sobreposición en los caracteres que las delimitan. Dada su baja plasticidad fenotípica y distribución simpátrica, la discriminación entre ambas especies resulta complicada. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar morfométricamente algunos caracteres anatómicos que permitan la discriminación de las especies del complejo. Métodos: A partir de 24 medidas cuantitativas obtenidas de 40 ejemplares de Crassiphycus corneus y C. usneoides, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para determinar si existía discriminación morfométrica entre las especies. El resultado de este análisis fue evaluado mediante un NP-MANOVA. La media aritmética y los intervalos de confianza de los caracteres con mayor peso en la discriminación fueron graficados. Complementariamente, se realizó un análisis de agrupamiento para dar mejor sustento a los análisis anteriores. Resultados clave: El análisis de componentes principales arrojó 24 componentes, de los cuales los primeros tres explican 88.6% de la varianza. Dicho análisis y el NP-MANOVA mostraron que los caracteres que diferencian a ambas especies son el diámetro mayor del talo en la porción media y el diámetro mayor y menor del talo en la porción apical, los cuales, según la media aritmética, son significativamente más grandes en Crassiphycus usneoides que en C. corneus. El análisis de agrupamiento, basado en el índice de disimilitud de distancia euclidiana y el algoritmo UPGMA, robusteció los análisis anteriores, confirmando la presencia de dos grupos (C. corneus y C. usneoides). Conclusiones: El análisis morfométrico realizado demostró ser eficiente para la segregación de las especies del complejo, y podrá servir como punto de referencia para la delimitación taxonómica de otras especies crípticas de macroalgas. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. 2020-01-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion artículo evaluado por pares application/pdf application/epub+zip application/xml https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596 10.21829/abm127.2020.1596 Acta Botanica Mexicana; No. 127 (2020) Acta Botanica Mexicana; Núm. 127 (2020) 2448-7589 0187-7151 spa https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596/4102 https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596/4103 https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596/1974 Derechos de autor 2019 Acta Botanica Mexicana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Vilchis, Martha Isabel Dreckmann, Kurt M. Quintanar-Isaías, Alejandra Sentíes, Abel Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title | Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title_full | Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title_fullStr | Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title_short | Morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the Crassiphycus corneus-C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) of the Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea |
| title_sort | morphometric analysis of the sympatric species of the crassiphycus corneus-c. usneoides complex (gracilariaceae, rhodophyta) of the mexican coasts of the gulf of mexico and the caribbean sea |
| url | https://abm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/abm/article/view/1596 |
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