Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco
The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inhabits the tropical forest of Chamela in the Pacific coast of thestate of Jalisco, Mexico. In this region the dominant vegetation is the tropical dry forest which settles down in thehills and it is characterized because in the arboreal stratum and und...
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| Formatua: | Online |
| Hizkuntza: | spa |
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Instituto de Ecología, A.C.
2020
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| Sarrera elektronikoa: | https://azm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/azm/article/view/2327 |
| _version_ | 1799770418696945664 |
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| author | Mandujano, Salvador Gallina, Sonia |
| author_facet | Mandujano, Salvador Gallina, Sonia |
| author_sort | Mandujano, Salvador |
| collection | AZM |
| description | The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inhabits the tropical forest of Chamela in the Pacific coast of thestate of Jalisco, Mexico. In this region the dominant vegetation is the tropical dry forest which settles down in thehills and it is characterized because in the arboreal stratum and understory dominate species that lose its leavesduring six to seven months in the dry season. In contrast, the vegetation that is along the streams and rivers is thetropical semi-evergreen forest in which dominate species with leaves non deciduous. Therefore, in this region aremarkable contrast exists in the food availability, sources of water, covering against the climate and predators.The objective of the present study was to analyze the seasonal variation of the use and the preference that thewhite-tailed deer has for the two main communities in Chamela. The results are discussed in function of twohypothesis which predict bigger preference of the tropical dry forest during the rainy season, and bigger preferenceof the tropical semi-evergreen forest during the dry season. The study was carried out from 1989 to 1993, usingthe methods of direct count of active deer along the year and the count of fecal groups during the dry season. Theunderstory of both plant communities were described for each season of the year quantifying the total number ofarboreal species, shrubs and herbaceous, and it was expressed as density of the number of species for squaremeter; also was estimated the production of biomass to foliage potentially of the parts consumable for the deer likeleaves and tender branches, and it was expressed as gram of dry weight by square meter; finally was estimatedthe relative availability of food in the dry season. As a result it was found that in the rainy season the density ofspecies and the biomass of foliage was bigger in comparison to the dry season (T test of ranges of Mann-Whitney,P <0.01). In particular, in the rainy season the density of species was higher in the tropical dry forest, while in thedry season both the density of species and the biomass was higher in the tropical semi-evergreen (T, P <0.01).They were also significant differences in the density of species and biomass among years (H test of Kruskal-Wallis,P <0.01). Therefore, there was significant positive correlation among the quantity of rain with the density of speciesand biomass to foliage of the species in both types of forests (r², P <0.001). During the dry season the relativeavailability of food was higher in the tropical dry forest than in the tropical semi-evergreen forest (X², P <0.01).Regarding the use of the habitat, higher number of deer was observed during the period of fawning (July toOctober), smaller during the period of mating (November to February), and an increase during the period ofgestation (March to June) (X², P <0.01). The deer used both types of vegetable communities the whole year, butpreferred the tropical dry forest during the rainy season (X², P <0.01) as area of forage, rest and fawning, becauseit offers a higher availability of food of high quality nutritional, and bigger protection against predators. During thedry season the deer not prefer the tropical semi-evergreen forest (X², P> 0.05) nevertheless that this typevegetacional offers higher density of species and biomass in the understory in comparison to the tropical dry forest.This could be due to that the tropical semi-evergreen forest has smaller availability of the plants that consumes thedeer to that the plants probably have a high contained of fiber, and to that has bigger predators presence andhunters. On the contrary, nevertheless the drop density of species and biomass of the plants in the tropical dryforest, the deer used it preferably in the dry time (X², P <0.01) because it has bigger quantity of food, the trees ofthe plum tree (Spondias purpurea) establish mainly in this type of vegetation and its fruits represent a importantresource that provides with water to the deer during this period, the covering of the understory and the topographydiminish the predation risks, and the hillsides with north exhibition have better thermal covering being more humid.Key Words: tropical dry forest, tropical semi-evergreen forest, understory, wet and dry seasons, use-preference,temporal-spatial variation, white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Chamela, Mexico. |
| format | Online |
| id | azm-article-2327 |
| institution | Acta Zoológica Mexicana |
| language | spa |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | Instituto de Ecología, A.C. |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | azm-article-23272022-06-15T02:43:25Z Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco Mandujano, Salvador Gallina, Sonia bosque tropical caducifolio bosque tropical subperennifolio sotobosque época de lluvias y desecas uso y preferencia variación temporal y espacial venado cola blanca Odocoileus virginianus Chamela México bosque tropical caducifolio bosque tropical subperennifolio sotobosque época de lluvias y desecas uso y preferencia variación temporal y espacial venado cola blanca Odocoileus virginianus Chamela México The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) inhabits the tropical forest of Chamela in the Pacific coast of thestate of Jalisco, Mexico. In this region the dominant vegetation is the tropical dry forest which settles down in thehills and it is characterized because in the arboreal stratum and understory dominate species that lose its leavesduring six to seven months in the dry season. In contrast, the vegetation that is along the streams and rivers is thetropical semi-evergreen forest in which dominate species with leaves non deciduous. Therefore, in this region aremarkable contrast exists in the food availability, sources of water, covering against the climate and predators.The objective of the present study was to analyze the seasonal variation of the use and the preference that thewhite-tailed deer has for the two main communities in Chamela. The results are discussed in function of twohypothesis which predict bigger preference of the tropical dry forest during the rainy season, and bigger preferenceof the tropical semi-evergreen forest during the dry season. The study was carried out from 1989 to 1993, usingthe methods of direct count of active deer along the year and the count of fecal groups during the dry season. Theunderstory of both plant communities were described for each season of the year quantifying the total number ofarboreal species, shrubs and herbaceous, and it was expressed as density of the number of species for squaremeter; also was estimated the production of biomass to foliage potentially of the parts consumable for the deer likeleaves and tender branches, and it was expressed as gram of dry weight by square meter; finally was estimatedthe relative availability of food in the dry season. As a result it was found that in the rainy season the density ofspecies and the biomass of foliage was bigger in comparison to the dry season (T test of ranges of Mann-Whitney,P <0.01). In particular, in the rainy season the density of species was higher in the tropical dry forest, while in thedry season both the density of species and the biomass was higher in the tropical semi-evergreen (T, P <0.01).They were also significant differences in the density of species and biomass among years (H test of Kruskal-Wallis,P <0.01). Therefore, there was significant positive correlation among the quantity of rain with the density of speciesand biomass to foliage of the species in both types of forests (r², P <0.001). During the dry season the relativeavailability of food was higher in the tropical dry forest than in the tropical semi-evergreen forest (X², P <0.01).Regarding the use of the habitat, higher number of deer was observed during the period of fawning (July toOctober), smaller during the period of mating (November to February), and an increase during the period ofgestation (March to June) (X², P <0.01). The deer used both types of vegetable communities the whole year, butpreferred the tropical dry forest during the rainy season (X², P <0.01) as area of forage, rest and fawning, becauseit offers a higher availability of food of high quality nutritional, and bigger protection against predators. During thedry season the deer not prefer the tropical semi-evergreen forest (X², P> 0.05) nevertheless that this typevegetacional offers higher density of species and biomass in the understory in comparison to the tropical dry forest.This could be due to that the tropical semi-evergreen forest has smaller availability of the plants that consumes thedeer to that the plants probably have a high contained of fiber, and to that has bigger predators presence andhunters. On the contrary, nevertheless the drop density of species and biomass of the plants in the tropical dryforest, the deer used it preferably in the dry time (X², P <0.01) because it has bigger quantity of food, the trees ofthe plum tree (Spondias purpurea) establish mainly in this type of vegetation and its fruits represent a importantresource that provides with water to the deer during this period, the covering of the understory and the topographydiminish the predation risks, and the hillsides with north exhibition have better thermal covering being more humid.Key Words: tropical dry forest, tropical semi-evergreen forest, understory, wet and dry seasons, use-preference,temporal-spatial variation, white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Chamela, Mexico. El venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) habita el bosque tropical de Chamela en la costa Pacífica delestado de Jalisco, México. En esta región la vegetación dominante es el bosque tropical caducifolio el cual seestablece en las colinas y se caracteriza porque en el estrato arbóreo y sotobosque dominan especies que pierdensus hojas durante seis a siete meses en la época seca. En contraste, la vegetación que se encuentra a lo largode los arroyos y ríos es el bosque tropical subperennifolio en el cual dominan especies con hojas no caducifolias.Por lo tanto, en esta región existe un contraste notable en la disponibilidad de alimento, fuentes de agua, coberturacontra el clima y depredadores, tanto temporal como espacialmente. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizarla variación estacional del uso y la preferencia que el venado cola blanca tiene por las dos principalescomunidades o tipos vegetales en Chamela. Los resultados se discuten en función de dos hipótesis las cualespredicen mayor preferencia del bosque tropical caducifolio durante la época de lluvias, y mayor preferencia delbosque tropical subperennifolio durante la época de secas. El estudio se realizó de 1989 a 1993 y se emplearonlos métodos de conteo directo de venados activos en el día a lo largo del año y el conteo de grupos fecalesdurante la época seca. Los sotobosques de ambos tipos vegetacionales fueron descritos para cada época del año(lluvias y seca) cuantificando el número total de especies arbóreas, arbustivas y herbáceas, y se expresó comodensidad promedio de número de especies por metro cuadrado; también se estimó la producción de biomasa foliarde las partes potencialmente consumibles por el venado como hojas y ramas tiernas, y se expresó como gramode peso seco por metro cuadrado; finalmente se estimó la disponibilidad relativa de alimento a partir de datos dedisponibilidad de las plantas que consume el venado en este sitio. Como resultado se encontró que en la épocade lluvias la densidad de especies y la biomasa foliar fue mayor en comparación a la época seca (prueba T derangos de Mann-Whitney, P < 0.01). En particular, en la época de lluvias la densidad de especies fue mayor enel bosque tropical caducifolio, mientras que en la época seca tanto la densidad de especies como la biomasa fuemayor en el bosque tropical subperennifolio (T, P < 0.01). También se encontraron diferencias significativas enla densidad de especies y biomasa foliar entre años (prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis, P < 0.01). Por lo tanto, hubocorrelación positiva significativa entre la cantidad de lluvia con la densidad de especies y biomasa foliar de lasespecies en ambos tipos de bosques (r², P < 0.001). Durante la época seca la disponibilidad relativa de alimentofue mayor en el bosque tropical caducifolio que en el bosque tropical subperennifolio (X², P < 0.01). Respecto aluso del hábitat, se observó mayor número de venados durante el período de crianza (época húmeda de julio aoctubre), menor durante el período de apareamiento (época de transición de noviembre a febrero), y un aumentodurante el período de gestación (época seca de marzo a junio) (X², P < 0.01). El venado usó ambos tipos decomunidades vegetales todo el año, pero prefirió el bosque tropical caducifolio durante la época de lluvias (X², P< 0.01) como área de forrajeo, descanso y crianza, debido a que ofrece una mayor disponibilidad de alimento dealta calidad nutricional, y mayor protección contra depredadores. Durante la época seca el venado no prefirió elbosque tropical subperennifolio (X², P > 0.05) no obstante que este tipo vegetacional ofrece mayor densidad deespecies y biomasa foliar en el sotobosque en comparación al bosque tropical caducifolio. Esto podría deberse a que el bosque tropical subperennifolio tiene menor disponibilidad de las plantas que consume el venado, a queprobablemente las plantas tengan un mayor contenido de fibra, y a que tiene mayor presencia de depredadoresy cazadores. Por el contrario, no obstante la baja densidad de especies y biomasa foliar de las plantas en elbosque tropical caducifolio, el venado lo usó preferentemente en la época seca (X², P < 0.01) debido a que tienemayor cantidad de alimento, los árboles del ciruelo (Spondias purpurea) se establecen principalmente en este tipode vegetación y sus frutos representan un recurso muy importante que le provee con agua al venado durante esteperiodo, la cobertura del sotobosque y la topografía disminuyen los riesgos de depredación, y las laderas conexposición norte tienen mejor cobertura termal siendo más húmedas. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. 2020-09-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Original articles Artículos originales application/pdf https://azm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/azm/article/view/2327 10.21829/azm.2004.2022327 ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.); Vol. 20 No. 2 (2004): AZM (n.s.); 45-67 ACTA ZOOLÓGICA MEXICANA (N.S.); Vol. 20 Núm. 2 (2004): AZM (n.s.); 45-67 2448-8445 0065-1737 spa https://azm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/azm/article/view/2327/2626 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Mandujano, Salvador Gallina, Sonia Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title | Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title_full | Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title_fullStr | Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title_short | Variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de Jalisco |
| title_sort | variación estacional del uso y preferencia de los tipos vegetacionales por el venado cola blanca en un bosque tropical de jalisco |
| url | https://azm.ojs.inecol.mx/index.php/azm/article/view/2327 |
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