| Résumé: | The legume Enterolobium schomburgkii, Benth. (Benthan, 1844) (Fabaceae), is endemic to Amazonia and has a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropical area. It is a timber species of great economic importance. The objective of the present study was to identify the insect associated with the seeds of the plant, and quantify it, and evaluate the effect of the damage caused on the physiological quality of the seeds collected in urban forests in the city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The insect was identified as Mimosestes enterolobii Kingsolver & Johnson (1978). The seed predation rate was 8.07% and the substrate consumption 0.61 g equivalent to 93.35% of the seed weight. Despite registering low percentage of damage to seeds (8.07%), the substrate consumption (cotiledons and seed embryo) was high (93.35%), which significantly affected the physiological quality and germination capacity of the seed.
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