| Shrnutí: | The main aim of this study was to identify fruit flies species, to determine their population fluctuation and their hosts in Abancay, Apurimac Valley. A total of 14 Multilure traps were installed with 4% Buminal® as food attractant, renewed weekly, from October 2014 to September 2015. Captured insects were placed in 70% alcohol for later identification. Females and males were counted, and population fluctuation was established based on a flies/trap/day (FTD) index of Anastrepha species and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). These data were correlated with temperature, precipitation and the host availability data. The fruits were collected once a month to recover adult fruit flies in maturing boxes with sand substrate. A total of 21,974 individuals were collected. Ten species were identified: A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. distincta Greene, A. serpentina (Wiedemann), A. schultzi Blanchard, A. manihoti Lima, A. chiclayae Greene, Anastrepha sp. 1, A. pickeli Lima, A. atrox (Aldrich) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The most abundant species were A. fraterculus, A. distincta and C. capitata. The highest populations occured in the period December to May. The availability of hosts was the factor that best explained the population fluctuations of A. fraterculus, A. distincta, A. manihoti and the total population of fruit flies. A total of 16 fruit fly hosts were identified. Citrus x aurantium L. (Rutaceae), Annona cherimola Mill. (Annonaceae) and Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) were the fruits with the highest rates of infestation with 125.7, 101.63 and 87.5 pupae.kg-1 respectively.
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